JOB
SATISFACTION IN RELATION TO THE MOTIVATION AMONG THE TEACHERS OF PUBLIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AT
SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN SYED HASSAN, KANGAR PERLIS
3.0 Introduction
In
this chapter, the research methodology explained about how well the study will
be carried out. Section 3.1discuses on research approaches, Section 3.2 explains
on the type of research and Section 3.3 discuss a research methodology, Section
3.4 discussing on research design on the other hand, Section 3.5 discussing on
the unit of analysis Section 3.6 explains on sample size also Section 3.7
mention on the delimitation of study, Section 3.8 discusses on sampling
technique, Section 3.9 explain on measurements, Section 3.10 elaborates on data
collection, Section 3.1 explains on data analysis, Section 3.12 discusses on pilot study and finally conclusion is provided
in the summary at the end of the Chapter 3.
3.1 Research approaches
The
approaches apply to this research, namely quantitative methods. On the other
hand, quantitative research is a scientific clarification that aims to measure
the social world objectively, to test hypothesis and to forecast and control
human actions. Furthermore, it refers to the numerical demonstration and
influence of observations, used to describe and explain the phenomenon that
such observation reflects. For purposes of this study a quantitative approach
are about to be used as the research was
directed at understanding the job satisfaction and the factors that contribute
to work motivation among teachers in
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan, Kangar Perlis. This approach was
chosen, because the primary data were to be gathered through the instrument:
namely the structure questionnaire.
3.2 Type of research
The
category of study be determined by the purpose of the research has and the
practical application, thereof. The enthusiasm for the research would determine
whether it is applied research or basic research. Applied research can be
defined as the scientific planning of encouraged change in a worrying situation
with the focus on a problem in practice. ( SHERMAN, 1988).Applied research is
designed to resolve practical problems of the modern world rather than to
attain knowledge for knowledge's. One
might say that the goal of the applied scientists is to enhance the human
condition.
Thus,
the current study took the form of applied research, since the main concern was
to determine the job satisfaction and motivation of teachers’ in the public
educational institution at the Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan, Kangar
Perlis. The findings will be valuable in improving the job satisfaction of the
teachers’ in the public educational institution.
3.3 Research methodology
The
research that I am proposing will be quantitative because in this research I
have decided to collect information of job satisfaction and motivation of
teachers in the public educational institutions. There are 3 motivating factors
that contribute to the job satisfaction of the teachers’ in the public
educational institution such as reward and recognition, satisfaction with supervision
and work itself. I would like to carry out the quantitative research because I
want to investigate the relationship between the job satisfaction and
motivation of teachers’ in public educational institutions. (Earl R., The
Practice of Social Research, 2010)
More than that, I am decided to use this
research approach because it is more reliable and objective. The information to
be collected is more objective which means it is more focussed to investigate
the relationship between the job satisfaction and motivation of teachers’ in
the public educational institutions.
Furthermore,
I find it is easier for me to use the quantitative research because I can use
statistics to generalise a finding. There is a lot of previous research that
has been carried out by previous researcher regarding to this topic. So it is
easier for me to retrieve a more reliable and valid information to conduct my
research. (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013) In order to have a
solid research proposal I need to have a good research approach, so by choosing
quantitative research it often reduces and restructures a complex problem to a
limited number of variables. (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013). For example, with
regard to my research I have listed out 2 types of variables which are job
satisfaction and motivation of teachers’ in the public educational institution.
Throughout this research I will looks at relationships between variables and
can establish cause and effect in highly controlled circumstances. There are
three research question that to be use in this research.
There
are:
1.
What are the influence of rewards and recognition, satisfaction with
supervision and the work itself on job satisfaction?
2.
What are the levels of motivation among the teachers’ in Sekolah Menengah
Kebangsaan Syed Hassan?
3.
Is there any significant relationship between the job satisfaction and
motivation among teaches’ in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan?
In
addition, by conducting quantitative research it will give me a chance to tests
theories or hypotheses. With regard to my research, the hypotheses that I would
like to test is “There is a significant effect between job satisfactions in
relation to the motivation of teachers’ in public educational institution”.
Finally, by having quantitative research approach it assumes sample is
representative of the population. The population to be used for this research
survey was aimed at 300 teachers’ of Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan.
Using
simple random sampling technique, the questionnaires are to be distributing to
300 teachers’ of Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan. The research studies
are to be conducted based on the descriptive survey and correlational design. A
survey design is to be chosen to ensure collection of information which
precisely describes the nature prevailing condition at specific point in time.
3.4 Research Design
Research
design involves a series of rational decision making choices relating to
decisions regarding the purpose for the study (exploratory, descriptive,
hypothesis testing), location (the study setting), the type it should conform
to (type of investigation), the extent to which it is manipulated and
controlled by researcher (extent of the research interference), its temporal
aspects (time horizon) and the level of which data will be analysed (unit of
analysis), are important to research design. (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013). The type of
investigation that to be used for this study is correlational study in which I
am interested in highlighting the important variables associated with the
problem. In order to conduct this study, it is estimated that there will only a
minimal interference as the data collected will not interfere the normal
activities in that organization. The research is on field study in which it is
a no contrived setting with a minimal researchers’ interference. (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013). With regard to this
study, the research is about to carry out the descriptive survey. In addition
the survey method are to be apply in this research because to guarantee the
collection of information are more exactly describes the nature of the dominant
conditions at a specific point of time. (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013)
3.5 Unit of Analysis
Unit
of analysis can be defined as the level of aggregation of the data collected
during the subsequent data analysis. In this study, the unit of analysis is
based on the individual. Here, means that the data collected are from each
individuals and treating each teachers responses as an individual data sources. (Sakaran &
Bougie, 2013)
3.6 Sample Size
It
is important to select most appropriate
respondents in order to get a valid result when investigating the
variables that relate to my topic on job satisfaction and motivation of
teachers’ of public educational institutions.
Population
of the study was comprised of all the teachers of public educational
institutions. According to this research it will involve all the population at
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan, Kangar Perlis.
Teachers
in the Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan, Kangar Perlis will be selected
to become the respondents for my research.
As suggested by (Sakaran &
Bougie, 2013),
a population of sampling from of 600 constitute to 300 sample size of the
numbers respondent is to be used in this research. Since the school has a total
population of 600 teachers, so it is advise to use the sample size as proposed
by (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013) which is 300
teachers in which she refer to table by Krejcie and Morgan 1970, that provides
generalized scientific guidelines for sample size decision. (Kenya Projects Organization [KENPRO], 2012)
3.7 Delimitations of the study
Due
to limited time and available resources with the researcher, the study was
delimited to the following element. The first element of delimitation of this
research is the setting. The setting of the research takes place at public
educational institution, where it takes place at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan
Syed Hassan. The second delimitation is the respondents of the research which
comprises of the teachers in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan, Kangar
Perlis. (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013)
3.8 Sampling Technique
Sampling
is the process of selecting sufficient number elements from a population which
makes it easier to generalize such properties or characteristics to the
population elements. (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013)
The
population to be used for this research survey was aimed at 300 teachers’ of
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan.
The sampling technique to be used is simple random sampling. This type
of sampling technique where each
individual is selected casually and wholly by chance, such that each individual
has the same possibility of being selected at any phase throughout the sampling
procedure. A simple random sample is an unprejudiced surveying method.
3.9 Measurement
The
research measurement consists of two parts:
The first research measurement for this
research is the participation among teachers in answering the questionnaire
which is related to the job satisfaction and motivation of the teacher’s in
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan, Kangar Perlis. Secondly, demographic
variables that consist in this questionnaire are the age and gender. Gender is
based on the nominal scale, whereas the age will be based on the ratio scale.
Questionnaires made are in form of English language.
3.10 Data Collection
The
study will be carried out to investigate the job satisfaction and motivation of
teacher of public educational institution. The applicant of the questionnaire
will be used to distribute among the teachers in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan
Syed Hassan, Kangar Perlis.
The
used of the questionnaire as a data collection method is appropriate as it cost
less expensive and it establishes rapport and motivates the respondents. The
questionnaire is to be printed in white papers and English language is to be
used as a medium of communication in the questionnaires.
The
questionnaire will be send directly to the Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed
Hassan, Kangar Perlis in expecting that school will distributes a complete
questionnaire to the selected respondents. The researcher will ensure the
questionnaire distributed to them are to be keep confidentially and will not
result to any bad effect toward their career in relying that this research is
only meant for academic purposes.
With
regard to this research secrecy is priority. Neither names nor any other means
of relating a particular instrument to a teacher was recorded on the
instruments. All the questionnaire, once completed will be wrapped in one same
envelops. The envelopes were to be opened only by the researcher, who had no
way to discover which teacher completed which instrument. The confidentiality
of the information given by teacher is assured safe.
A
cover letter together with the consent letter are also to be delivered together
in requesting that the Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan will return back
the complete answer questionnaire in the enveloped to be provided to the researchers.
Primary
data were to be gathered through an instrument: namely the structure
questionnaire. The research instrument will collect data on job satisfaction in
relation to motivation of teachers’ in public educational institution based on
three motivating factors which are reward and recognition, satisfaction and
supervision and work itself. The teachers' will express their levels of
agreement based on questionnaire anchored on the five Likert scale from “very
dissatisfy to very satisfy” and “highly demotivating to highly motivating.”
3.11 Data Analysis
The
study carried out uses SPSS Version 20.0 descriptive statistics which involve
transformation of raw data into a form that would provide information to
describe a set of factors in a situation and this is done through ordering and
manipulation of the raw data collected. (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013). In order to measure
teachers’ motivation, the mean score or the average is use as a measure of
central tendency that offers a general picture of the data without
unnecessarily inundating one with each of the observations in a data set.
Kendall’s
tau-b will be used to investigate the associates between each independent
variables and dependent variable such as reward and recognition, satisfaction
with supervision and work itself. (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013). The results of the
survey are to be analyse using descriptive statistics and correlational
techniques. The data that gathered processed and analyse using SPSS version
20.0 statistical package for windows. Before conducting the correlational
analysis, exploratory factor analysis, the Cronbach’s alpha tests were computed
to determine scale reliability. (Sakaran & Bougie, 2013)
3.12 Pilot testing
Pilot
Test
A
pilot test has been carried out at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Syed Hassan in
Kangar, Perlis. For the purpose of this research, 15 respondents were carefully
chosen and the questionnaire was distributed to each of the respondents. Based
on the Cronbach’s Alpha value the testing was conducted in order to ensure the
consistency of all related aspects in the research.
The
following important phase was to check the validity and reliability of the
questionnaires. In order to confirm items, it was demanded to the panel of
experts to enhance the items, in format and language in order to make the questionnaire
simple and clear. In this concern toward the response acknowledged from the
specialists, the questionnaires were confirmed. The questionnaire of teacher
job satisfaction and motivation was administered on 15 numbers of teachers of
Sekolah Menengah KebangsaanSyed Hassan, Kangar Perlis.
Validity of the Instrument
The
word validity can be referred to the measuring instrument to be used in this
research for the data collection. Validity helps to ensure the data collection
meet the intentional objective. (Key., 1997)
The
instrument implemented for this research was given to an expert in Educational
field, of Faculty of Education of UiTM Shah Alam. The expert in this field then
crosses checked the questions consisted in the questionnaire and approved those
questionnaire if the all of the questions in the questionnaire are well
developed to request information compulsory for the study.
I am
personally visited and administered related questionnaires and respondents were
requested to give their suggestions freely for the improvement of the
questionnaires. For determining the validity of questionnaires item analysis to
total Pearson Product–Moment Coefficient of Correlation (r) was computed. For
determining the reliability of these instruments, Cronbach’s Alpha was applied
to calculate internal consistency of items. These results of the pre-test were
analysed by using the Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0
Reliability of instrument
With
regard to this context of research, the reliability can be defined as the tests
are concerned with the consistency in measuring something. As the adopted
instrument in this research has been checked by an expert and established to be
well-intentioned enough to search for facts therefore the instrument adopted
for this research was make consistent. Furthermore, the researchers also
adopted a test and re–test of the instrument, and a significant reliability
index was grasped. (Key., 1997)
Summary
In
summary chapter 3 is begin with the introduction of the approach that to be
been chosen to conduct the research. In addition the type of the research and
methodology are to be well elaborate later. Target population, the sampling
technique and data collection and data analysis method are to be clarified. The
next chapter will report information on data analysis and discussion of the
finding.
